The Constitution of Madinah

A written covenant binds the tribes and communities of Madinah into one society with shared duties and protections.

Soon after arriving in Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ established a written agreement among the Muslim emigrants, the Ansar, and the Jewish and other communities of the city. It set out mutual defense, freedom of religion, and shared responsibility for justice. Many historians regard it as one of the earliest written constitutions.